Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• extract vertically aligned carbon nanotubes based on the surface layer of the substrate. This method extracts single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the substrate surface based on the observation of micromachined tips by first fabricating vertically aligned SWNT substrates with isolation effects

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• in 2009 by Gong and co-workers [19]; it was based on nitrogen-doped vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (N-vCNTs). Using a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) when measuring steady-state voltammograms in alkaline solution, the authors showed that the ORR activity of N-vCTNs was superior to undoped

• the combination of two effects: the higher electronegativity of nitrogen and the back-donation of lone-pair electrons from N to C. In this context, Scardamaglia et al. evaluated the increase in the DOS at the Fermi level of nitrogen-doped vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (N-vCNTs) by measuring

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• -walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) are investigated and compared against the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon and graphene oxide (GO). A comprehensive overview of the adsorption behavior of this family of carbon adsorbents is given for the first

• found to dominate the adsorption behavior in activated carbon, SO2 adsorption on carbon nanomaterials occurs by a physisorption mechanism. Keywords: adsorption; carbon nanohorns; carbon nanotubes; heat of adsorption; sulfur dioxide; vertically aligned carbon nanotubes; Introduction Compared to the

• (MWNTs), vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) and carbon nanohorns (CNHs) are investigated and compared against the SO2 adsorption on activated carbon Norit R1 Extra and graphene oxide (GO). As the presence of oxygen and moisture (typical flue gas conditions) can complicate the interpretation of

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• irregular CNTs with random areas of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Experimental Synthesis of graphene Graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of methane (Air Liquide) on copper foil (Alfa Aesar, 99.8% purity, 0.025 mm thickness) at 1000 °C and 5 mbar in a hydrogen atmosphere (Air Liquide

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• , Belgium CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy Materia Nova Research Center, 7000 Mons, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.8.173 Abstract The surface chemistry of plasma fluorinated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNT) is correlated to the CF4 plasma chemical composition. The results

• function of the fluorine content and ageing effects are evaluated after storing the samples for two weeks under ambient conditions: a limited loss of fluorine functionalities is observed for most of the samples. Experimental Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNT) are produced by catalytic chemical

• close-packed, well-aligned CNT of 150–200 µm thick, they are multiwalled CNT having on average a dozen walls. After the plasma treatments, no changes are observed in the weight and in the structure of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. SEM images are recorded before and after the fluorination and

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• volumetric method. At 26 bar, an adsorption capacity of 4.9 mmol/g was observed. This is comparable to the adsorption capacity of molecular sieves and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The high pressure adsorption process of CO2 was found to irreversibly change the microporous structure of the carbon

• increase in the CO2 pressure. At 26 bar, an adsorption capacity of 4.9 mmol/g is observed. This is comparable to the adsorption capacity of molecular sieves [47] and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes [11]. However, after about ten adsorption and regeneration cycles, the adsorption capacity decreases to

Diffusion of dilute gas in arrays of randomly distributed, vertically aligned, high-aspect-ratio cylinders

• Wojciech Szmyt,
• Carlos Guerra and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 64–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.7

• molecules diffusing between vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Our findings are important for the correct modelling and optimisation of gas-based deposition techniques, such as atomic layer deposition or chemical vapour deposition, frequently used for surface functionalisation of high-aspect-ratio

• nanocylinder arrays in solar cells and energy storage applications. Furthermore, gas sensing devices with high-aspect-ratio nanocylinder arrays and the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes need the fundamental understanding and precise modelling of gas transport to optimise such processes. Keywords

• the coating of nanotubes or nanowires with thin films employing techniques such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [11] or atomic layer deposition (ALD) [12][13]. Our recent study constitutes an example of the coating of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) with monocrystalline anatase using

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• of fluorine and noble gases mixtures, an important role for achieving optimal fluorination is played by the relative concentration of fluorine in the mixture during the plasma activation. The previous studies on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNTs) fluorinated by Ar/F2 plasma treatment allowed

• including the tips of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The information about the disorder and defect/damage induced by the functionalization is directly qualitatively inferred from the ID/IG ratio: in the pristine sample (blue curve) this ratio is 0.78, and increases to 1.69 for the as-functionalized

• still present, indicating that the electronic properties were retained. Conclusion In the present work, we have described the plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes using an Ar/F mixture precursor gas. The analysis of the impact of fluorination on the pristine nanotube structure was

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• , recovering the sensor baseline required heating at 150 °C. This heat treatment to regain the sensor baseline was also observed by Mudimela and co-workers when they used vertically aligned carbon nanotubes decorated with sputtered Au nanoparticles to detect nitrogen dioxide [37]. Finally, Clément and co

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.169 Abstract The growth of cortical neurons on three dimensional structures of spatially defined (structured) randomly oriented, as well as on vertically aligned, carbon nanotubes (CNT) is studied. Cortical

Gas sensing with gold-decorated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Prasantha R. Mudimela,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Oriol González-León,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Rony Snyders,
• Eduard Llobet,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.104

• Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.5.104 Abstract Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of different lengths (150, 300, 500 µm) synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition and

Modeling and optimization of atomic layer deposition processes on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Nuri Yazdani,
• Vipin Chawla,
• Eve Edwards,
• Vanessa Wood,
• Hyung Gyu Park and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 234–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.25

• coatings of VACNT arrays. However, the approach can be applied to predict film conformality as a function of depth for any porous topology, including nanopores and nanowire arrays. Keywords: atomic layer deposition; vertically aligned carbon nanotubes; continuum diffusion model; conformal coating

AFM as an analysis tool for high-capacity sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries

• Renate Hiesgen,
• Seniz Sörgel,
• Rémi Costa,
• Linus Carlé,
• Ines Galm,
• Natalia Cañas,
• Brigitta Pascucci and
• K. Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 611–624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.68

• capacity of approximately 1000 mA·g(sulfur)−1 [19][20]. Another approach is based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on a nickel foil without any binder. To date, these binder-free CNT cathodes contain the highest published total ratio of sulfur (90%) in an electrode [21]. The advantage of

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• , Materia Nova Research Center, Mons, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.4.14 Abstract This review focuses and summarizes recent studies on the functionalization of carbon nanotubes oriented perpendicularly to their substrate, so-called vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs). The intrinsic properties of

• shifted towards obtaining control in the engineering of organized architectures with determined orientations, such as vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs). Because of the strong anisotropy of the CNT properties, the orientation of the longitudinal direction of the CNTs is often requested in many

• surface treatment of non-aligned carbon nanotubes by different plasma technologies was published by Ruelle et al. [22] in 2011. The present review is focused on the different methods available to functionalize vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, including plasma functionalization, wet chemical